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Jacquemart de Hesdin
Jacquemart de Hesdin ( 1355 – c. 1414) was a French miniature painter working in the International Gothic style. In English, he is also called Jacquemart of Hesdin. During his lifetime, his name was spelt in a number of ways, including as Jacquemart de Odin.〔Conway, Sir Martin, "Jacquemart de Hesdin" in ''The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs'', vol. 29, no. 158 (May, 1916) (pp. 45–47 & 49 ) online at JSTOR (accessed 16 February 2008)〕
==Background==
Jacquemart was a painter from Artois. Hesdin, the town from which he took his name, was a fortified citadel in the Pas-de-Calais, then part of Flanders and a stronghold of the Dukes of Burgundy.〔Deparis, Régis, ''Promenades dans Hesdin'' (2004)〕 It is possible that Jacquemart was born there. He was one of the many Netherlandish artists who worked for members of the French royal family from about the middle of the fourteenth century.〔(Jacquemart de Hesdin ) in the ''Art Encyclopedia'', online at answers.com (accessed 16 February 2008)〕
Jacquemart's only known patron, John, Duke of Berry (1340–1416), was a younger brother of King Charles V of France.〔Granboulan, Anne, ''Jacquemart of Hesdin (14th–15th cc)'' in ''Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages'', by André Vauchez, Richard Barrie Dobson, & Michael Lapidge, trans. Adrian Walford (London, Routledge, 2001, ISBN 1-57958-282-6), (pp 751–752 ) online at books.google.com (accessed 16 February 2008)〕 When Charles V died in 1380, his son Charles VI was a minor, so Berry and his brothers Louis I of Anjou, King of Naples (1339–1384) and Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1342–1404), acted as regents of France until 1388. Berry and Burgundy again ruled France from 1392 to 1402, due to the madness of the young Charles VI. Berry spent enormous sums on his art collection, and when he died in 1416 he was deeply in debt.〔Lehoux, Françoise, ''Jean de France, duc de Berri: sa vie, son action politique (1340–1416)'' (Paris, A. Picard, 1966–1968, 4 vols.)〕 The web site of the Louvre says of Berry: "By his exacting taste, by his tireless search for artists, from Jacquemart de Hesdin to the Limbourg brothers, John of Berry made a decisive contribution to the renewal of art which took place in his time."〔(Dossier thématique : La France en 1400 : Jean de Berry ) at museedulouvre.fr (accessed 20 February 2008)〕
Together with Berry's master architect Guy de Dammartin, the Limbourg brothers, and the miniaturist André Beauneveu and his student Jean de Cambrai, Jacquemart was considered to be a friend as well as a protégé of the Duke.〔(Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry ), article online at christusrex.org (accessed 16 February 2008)〕
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